Acne is primarily caused by a combination of factors that lead to the blockage of hair follicles and the overproduction of oil. Some of the causes include:
- Hormonal changes: Fluctuations in hormones, particularly during puberty, menstruation, or pregnancy, can increase oil production in the skin, contributing to acne development.
- Excess oil production: Overactive sebaceous (oil) glands can lead to excessive sebum production, which can clog pores and create an environment conducive to acne.
- Clogged hair follicles: Dead skin cells can accumulate and mix with oil, blocking hair follicles. This can lead to the formation of comedones (blackheads and whiteheads).
- Bacteria: The presence of Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes), a type of bacteria that normally lives on the skin, can contribute to เล่นบาคาร่า UFABET เว็บตรง ค่าคอมสูง inflammation and infection when follicles are clogged.
- Inflammation: The body’s immune response to bacteria and clogged follicles can cause inflammation, leading to the red, swollen lesions characteristic of acne.
- Diet: Certain dietary factors, such as high glycaemic foods and dairy products, may exacerbate acne in some individuals
- Stress: Increased stress levels can trigger hormonal changes that may worsen acne, leading to flare-ups.
- Medications: Some medications, such as corticosteroids or certain hormonal treatments, can contribute to acne development.
- Genetics: A family history of acne can increase the likelihood of developing the condition, suggesting a genetic predisposition.
Risk Factors
Several factors can increase an individual’s likelihood of developing acne, including:
- Hormonal changes during puberty, menstruation, pregnancy, and menopause
- Genetic predisposition
- Certain medications containing corticosteroids, testosterone, or lithium
- Diets high in refined carbohydrates, dairy products, or foods with a high glycemic index
- Stress
- Friction or pressure on the skin from items like helmets, tight collars, or backpacks
- Harsh skin care products or excessive face washing
Who’s at Risk?
Acne can affect individuals of all ages, but some groups are more susceptible, including:
- Adolescents and young adults
- Women who experience hormonal fluctuations, such as during menstrual cycles or pregnancy
- Individuals with a family history of acne
- People with oily skin types
- Those who use certain medications that can trigger acne as a side effect
- Individuals who consume diets high in refined carbohydrates, dairy, or high-glycemic foods
- People who experience high levels of stress
- Those who frequently wear items that cause friction or pressure on the skin
Complications
While acne is primarily a skin condition, it can lead to several complications, particularly if not managed properly. These complications include:
Chronic skin changes: Persistent acne can lead to lasting changes in skin texture and appearance, affecting overall skin health.
Scarring: Acne can cause both atrophic (depressed) and hypertrophic (raised) scars. These scars can be permanent and may require treatments like laser therapy or dermal fillers to improve appearance.
Hyperpigmentation: After acne lesions heal, they can leave behind dark spots or areas of discolouration on the skin, known as post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation. This can take time to fade and may require treatments like chemical peels or topical lightening agents.
Psychological impact: Acne can significantly affect mental health, leading to issues such as low self-esteem, anxiety, and depression. The visible nature of acne can cause distress and social withdrawal for some individuals.
Infection: Infected acne lesions can lead to more severe conditions, such as abscesses, which may require medical intervention or drainage.
Acne fulminans: A rare but severe form of acne that can occur suddenly, causing extensive inflammation, painful nodules, and systemic symptoms like fever. This condition requires immediate medical attention.